Kopterflug Inspection Services GmbH
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Note: Regulations and standards mentioned on this page (e.g. BetrSichV, DGUV, API 653) refer to German and European frameworks. We are happy to discuss how these relate to your local requirements.
Risk assessment before drone inspection – safety concept for industrial confined spaces

Risk Assessment before Drone Inspection – Safety Concept, ATEX & DGUV

Professional drone inspection in industrial plants requires a systematic, documented risk assessment before every deployment. DGUV Regel 103-003, BetrSichV, ATEX directive – what must be checked, and why a thorough safety concept is legally mandatory.

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Why a Systematic Risk Assessment Is Indispensable

A drone inspection in industrial plants is not a standard flight. Industrial environments confront any deployment with a wide range of specific hazard sources that must be systematically assessed and documented before operations begin. This is not merely a question of internal quality management – it is a clear requirement under occupational safety law and applicable standards:

DGUV Regel 103-003 (Arbeiten in engen Räumen – Working in Confined Spaces) requires a written risk assessment (Gefährdungsbeurteilung) prior to entry or entry-like activities in confined spaces, and – where relevant hazards exist – a written permit (Erlaubnisschein). Even though the drone does not require personnel to enter, persons at the entry point (manhole, inspection nozzle) and in the immediate vicinity must be secured.

BetrSichV (German Industrial Safety Regulation) and GefStoffV (Hazardous Substances Regulation) require a risk assessment for all work activities – including inspection activities – in hazardous areas. A professional risk assessment prior to drone deployment is therefore not optional, but legally mandatory.

Legal BasisDGUV Regel 103-003, BetrSichV, GefStoffV, ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU and TRGS 720 ff. – the relevant regulatory framework for drone deployment in industrial plants.
Written DocumentationEvery risk assessment is documented in writing and handed over to the client as part of the inspection documentation.
Before Deployment, Not AfterRisk assessment is a pre-flight process – not a formality added after the fact. Identified risks determine whether and how the deployment can proceed.

A professional drone inspection company delivers not just images – it delivers a traceable safety concept that stands up to scrutiny by the plant operator, client and authorities.

Key Hazard Sources in Industrial Drone Deployments

The following hazard sources are systematically assessed prior to every drone deployment in industrial plants:

Residual Gas & Toxic AtmosphereEven after emptying and purging, tanks, vessels and shafts can contain toxic or asphyxiating residual gases (H⊂S, CO, NH⊂, oxygen deficiency). Gas measurement before opening is mandatory.
ATEX Zones & Explosion RiskExplosive atmospheres (flammable gases, vapours, mists or dusts) classified in Ex Zones 0/1/2 (gas) and 20/21/22 (dust) under the ATEX Directive. Non-ATEX-certified drones must not fly in relevant zones.
Thermal Radiation & Heat StressRecently shut-down plants (boilers, furnaces, reactors) are still exposed to high temperatures. Thermal radiation on electronics and rotors limits drone operability. Temperature measurement at the entry point required.
Electrical Fields & HV EquipmentNear high-voltage installations, transformers and open switchgear, electromagnetic interference fields can affect drone navigation. Minimum clearances and shut-down conditions are defined in advance.
Dust Explosion HazardCoal, grain, sugar and metal dusts in bunkers and silos form Ex Zones 20/21. Dust suspension by drone rotor downwash must be considered – inertisation or wet suppression may be required.
Structural InstabilityIn ageing plants or after damage events, internals, wall linings or ceiling elements may be unstable. Before deployment: load estimation and visual pre-check at the entry point.

ATEX & Explosion Zones: What Is Permitted?

The most frequent question in process industry drone deployments concerns ATEX: Is a drone permitted to fly in potentially explosive atmospheres?

The clear answer is: it depends on the zone – and on the drone.

The ELIOS 3 by Flyability is not ATEX-certified and may therefore not be deployed in active Ex Zones 0, 1, 20 or 21 where an explosive atmosphere is present. For Ex Zone 2 and 22 (occasionally explosive atmosphere) a risk assessment with the plant operator is required.

This changes, however, when the plant has been properly purged, inertised or ventilated and a gas measurement confirms that the lower explosive limit (LEL) is below <10%. In this case, the ELIOS 3 can be deployed in formerly classified zones – the zone classification applies only during normal operation with flammable media, not in the cleaned shutdown state.

Practical procedure:

ATEX classification does not automatically mean drone deployment is impossible. What matters is the atmospheric condition at the time of deployment – not the zone classification under normal operating conditions.

Confined space access – risk assessment before drone deployment

The Safety Plan: Components and Structure

For every drone deployment in safety-relevant environments, Kopterflug prepares a written safety plan comprising the following elements:

Risk Assessment (Gefährdungsbeurteilung)Systematic recording of all relevant hazards (atmosphere, temperature, radiation, electricity, structure) with classification by probability and severity.
Protective MeasuresTechnical measures (gas measurement, ventilation, barriers), organisational measures (permit-to-work, communication plans) and PPE requirements.
Operational LimitsClear definition of conditions under which the deployment is aborted: gas alarm, temperature threshold, loss of visual contact, ground station failure.
Emergency PlanProcedures for drone loss inside the object, drone crash at the entry point, gas alarm during flight. Responsibilities and communication channels documented.

Your Contacts

Christian Engelke and Karsten Lehrke – Kopterflug inspection team

Christian Engelke and Dipl.-Ing. Karsten Lehrke – your direct contacts for risk assessment and drone inspection.

Since 2017, Kopterflug has been carrying out drone inspections in demanding industrial plants – including plants with ATEX zones, confined spaces and high-hazard atmospheres. We prepare a written safety concept for every deployment and coordinate with your plant safety officer in advance.

Christian Engelke – Founder and Drone Pilot Christian Founder & Drone Pilot
Karsten Lehrke – Founder and Managing Director Karsten Founder, Managing Director
Philipp – Operations Planning Philipp Founder, Operations & Logistics
Juliana – Drone Pilot Juliana Drone Pilot
Stephan – Operations Planning Stephan Operations & Logistics
Speak directly with our team: Contact us | Phone: +49 421 408 937 90

Frequently Asked Questions: Risk Assessment & Safety

Is a risk assessment legally required before a drone inspection?

Yes. Under BetrSichV (German Industrial Safety Regulation) and DGUV Regel 103-003, a written risk assessment is required for all inspection activities in potentially hazardous areas – including drone deployments near confined spaces. The plant operator bears primary responsibility; a professional inspection company prepares its own safety concept for the deployment.

Can the ELIOS 3 fly in ATEX-classified zones?

The ELIOS 3 is not ATEX-certified. It must not be deployed in active Ex Zones 0, 1, 20 or 21. Deployment is permissible once the plant has been properly purged, inertised or ventilated and a calibrated gas measurement confirms the atmosphere is below 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL). The zone classification under normal operation does not automatically apply in the cleaned shutdown state.

Who is responsible for the safety concept?

Both parties share responsibility: Kopterflug prepares the deployment-specific safety concept and documents all safety measures. The plant operator provides information on existing ATEX zones, process media and plant condition, and issues the permit-to-work. Gas measurement at the entry point is carried out by Kopterflug or the plant operator in agreement.

What gas measurements are required before drone deployment?

At minimum: oxygen content (target: 19.5–23.5%), explosive gas concentration (target: <10% LEL), carbon monoxide (CO) and – depending on the medium – hydrogen sulphide (H⊂S), ammonia (NH⊂) and toxic process gases. Measurement with calibrated, ISO-certified detection instruments. The result is documented in writing.

What temperature is required for drone deployment in boilers and reactors?

The ELIOS 3 is rated for an operating temperature of 0°C to +50°C. For deployment in boilers, furnaces and reactors, the internal temperature must be below approx. 50°C. Temperature measurement at the entry point prior to deployment is part of the standard safety check.

What happens if an alarm triggers during the drone flight?

The emergency plan defines clear procedures: in the event of a gas alarm, the drone is immediately retrieved or the entry point is closed. If retrieval is not possible, the drone remains in the vessel until safe access is ensured. All procedures are defined in writing prior to deployment and coordinated with the plant's on-site safety officer.

Request Safety Concept

Tell us your plant, operating status and ATEX classification – we will assess feasibility and prepare a tailored safety concept. Free and without obligation.