Kopterflug Inspection Services GmbH
+49 421 408 937 90
This is a supplementary English summary of our German service page. View full German version
Note: Regulations and standards mentioned on this page (e.g. BetrSichV, DGUV, API 653) refer to German and European frameworks. We are happy to discuss how these relate to your local requirements.
Open manhole cover – drone inspection of sewer and wastewater systems

When Does Drone Inspection Make Sense for Sewers & Drainage?

Shafts, collectors and sewer structures (Sielbauwerke) – ELIOS 3 in tight cross-sections without personnel entry. Operating since 2017.

Sewer or drainage structures to inspect? Request a no-obligation assessment

Why Conventional Methods Reach Their Limits

Wastewater sewers, collectors and sewer structures (Sielbauwerke) are among the most difficult-to-access infrastructure objects of all. Tight cross-sections, toxic atmospheres from hydrogen sulphide (H&sub2;S), methane-filled chambers and lack of escape routes make personnel entry under DGUV Rule 103-003 (Working in Confined Spaces) a complex safety operation – with gas measurement, rescue chain, respiratory protection and at least three persons on site.

Classic camera robots (CCTV pipe inspection) deliver reliable data for free-flowing reaches, but reach their limits in the following situations: heavily silted or filled cross-sections, complex branch junctions, shaft structures with multiple connections, large-profile sewers (DN >800) with internals, and special municipal structures such as siphons (Düker), stormwater overflow basins (Regenüberlaufbecken) and pump station inlets.

The ELIOS 3 closes these gaps: as a cage-protected indoor drone with its own lighting system (16,000 lumens) and LiDAR-guided navigation it flies through shafts from DN 600, bridges over sewer reaches and documents damage patterns from every perspective – without any person needing to enter.

Hydrogen sulphide, oxygen deficiency, no escape routes: personnel entry into sewer shafts is under DGUV rules one of the most hazardous workplaces of all. The ELIOS 3 eliminates this risk entirely.

No Personnel Entry No respiratory protection, no rescue chain, no H&sub2;S gas-free measurement required. The drone takes over visual initial assessment entirely.
ELIOS 3 from DN 600 Cage design allows wall contact. Navigates transitions, bends and cross-section changes without collision damage.
4K + LiDAR Documentation 4K video documentation, 3D point cloud of sewer geometry, thermography for infiltration detection.
Professional inspection with the ELIOS 3 — available nationwide across Germany. Request a consultation

Typical Findings in Sewer Drone Inspection

Wastewater infrastructure ages continuously. Corrosion, mechanical load from traffic, settlement and biological influences lead to a broad spectrum of damage. The ELIOS 3 captures these findings reliably:

Longitudinal and Transverse Cracks Structural damage from traffic load, settlement or material ageing – visible by crack width, crack depth and infiltration traces. Classification per DIN EN 13508-2.
Infiltration & Exfiltration Infiltrating groundwater or foreign water connections visible by lime deposits, moisture streaks and active seepage. Thermography makes temperature differences visible.
Root Ingress Particularly in stoneware and concrete sewers: tree roots grow through joints and cracks, block the cross-section and accelerate structural damage.
Deposits & Incrustation (Ablagerungen & Inkrustierungen) Grease, lime and sludge deposits reduce the flow cross-section. The drone documents location and extent for cleaning planning.
Spalling & Positional Deviations (Scherbenbildung & Lageabweichungen) Damaged joint connections, displaced pipe sections, brickwork damage – particularly after settlement events.
Corrosion on Metal Components Shaft ladders, railings, inlet frames and metal fittings in the shaft show rust damage indicating rapid action required.

Municipal Sewer Networks vs. Industrial Wastewater Systems

Drone in sewer shaft – sewer inspection without personnel entry

The ELIOS 3 in a sewer shaft – documentation from every angle, without personnel entry, without rescue chain.

Sewer drone inspections are used in two fundamentally different contexts – each with its own requirements for documentation, safety management and finding classification.

Municipal sewer systems: Urban wastewater systems consist of reaches, shaft structures, collector routes and special structures. In the north German coastal area, the specific Bremen sewer structures (Bremer Sielbauwerke) serve as a reference – an extensive network of Siele (brick-built historical sewers, some from the 19th century), pumping stations and storage basins that takes account of the special topography of the Hanseatic city. Many of these Siele are difficult to access for CCTV robots because cross-sections are oval or trapezoidal and have geometric changes. The ELIOS 3 navigates these cross-sections freely.

Industrial wastewater systems: Chemical parks, refineries and production plants operate their own wastewater networks with elevated requirements: contaminated fractions, neutralisation plants, oil separators, stormwater retention basins and discharge channels to the sewage treatment plant or into surface waters (water law permit, indirect dischargers per §58 WHG). Damage in these systems has immediate environmental liability relevance.

Inspection documentation for municipal sewers follows the standard DIN EN 13508-2 (condition assessment with optical methods) and the requirements of DWA-M 149 (condition classes 0–4). Industrial systems additionally comply with the requirements of authorities and the operating permit.

Bremen sewer structures, historical brick-built collectors, complex junction structures: the ELIOS 3 documents even irregular cross-sections that are inaccessible to CCTV robots.

Inspection Process with the ELIOS 3

A professional sewer inspection with the ELIOS 3 follows a standardised process that ensures safety, data quality and usability of results.

1. Pre-Clarification & Situation Briefing Handover of sewer plans and site maps, identification of reaches and shafts to be inspected, coordination with sewer network operator (operating permit, blocking measures, diversion).
2. Gas Measurement & Clearance Before opening the shaft: gas measurement for H&sub2;S, CH&sub4;, CO and O&sub2;. The drone can only be deployed when no explosive atmosphere is present (ATEX zone). On gas finding: ventilation measures, then re-measurement.
3. Flight & Documentation ELIOS 3 is introduced through the shaft opening. Systematic flight through reaches with 4K video recording, LiDAR scan for geometry and cross-section dimensions. Thermography for infiltration detection.
4. Evaluation & Report Findings catalogue per DIN EN 13508-2 (damage classes), GPS-referenced damage location, 3D cross-section profiles, recommended actions per DWA-M 149 urgency levels.

Talk Directly to Our Team

We have extensive experience with sewer and drainage inspections – both municipal and industrial. We advise you on feasibility and process.

Christian Engelke – Managing Director, Kopterflug Christian Engelke Managing Director & Chief Pilot
Karsten Lehrke – Dipl.-Ing., Senior Inspector Karsten Lehrke Dipl.-Ing., Senior Inspector
Philipp – Drone Pilot & Inspector Philipp Drone Pilot & Inspector
Juliana – Project Coordination Juliana Project Coordination
Stephan – Drone Pilot & Inspector Stephan Drone Pilot & Inspector
Direct contact with the team that plans your deployment. Send an enquiry | Phone: +49 421 408 937 90

Frequently Asked Questions: Sewer Inspection by Drone

Can the drone inspect through partially filled sewers?

Partially filled sewers are inspectable – the ELIOS 3 flies above the water surface and documents walls, joints and internals. Fully flooded cross-sections are not flyable (this is the domain of the underwater ROV). Best condition for drone inspection: emptied or low-flow section. For active wastewater systems, coordination with the network operator for a low-flow window is recommended.

What is the minimum cross-section the drone can fly through?

The ELIOS 3 navigates sewer cross-sections from DN 600 (60 cm diameter). For oval and trapezoidal cross-sections, the minimum dimension applies to the narrowest point. The cage design allows wall contact, so irregular cross-sections and bends are passable. Cross-sections below DN 600 are not flyable with the ELIOS 3 – here CCTV robots remain the appropriate tool.

Does drone inspection replace CCTV sewer inspection?

Not entirely – it complements it. CCTV robots are optimised for standard pipe cross-sections in free-flowing condition and deliver standardised data per EN 13508-2. The drone replaces CCTV when: cross-sections are too irregular, there are shaft structures with multiple connections, the sewer is partially filled or silted, or complex structures (siphons, basins, junction structures) need to be documented. The two technologies are ideally combined.

Which gas measurements are required before the deployment?

Before opening the shaft and before every drone deployment: measurement of H&sub2;S (hydrogen sulphide, limit <1 ppm), CH&sub4; (methane/LEL, limit <10% LEL), CO (carbon monoxide, limit <30 ppm), and O&sub2; (oxygen, target range 19.5–23 vol%). Measurement by trained personnel with calibrated equipment. If limit values are exceeded: ventilation measures, then re-measurement before drone deployment is released.

Is the drone inspection report accepted by authorities?

Yes. Our findings reports follow the standardised structure of DIN EN 13508-2 (damage coding for visual inspection) and the urgency levels of DWA-M 149. For municipal sewer operators, the reports are accepted as documentation for rehabilitation planning by water authorities. For industrial systems, compliance with the requirements of the operating permit applies additionally.

Can thermography also be used for sewer inspection?

Yes, and it is particularly valuable for infiltration detection: infiltrating groundwater is colder than the wastewater – these temperature differences are made visible by the thermography camera of the ELIOS 3. Active infiltration points can thus be identified even without visible moisture signs. This is particularly relevant for industrial sewer systems with environmental liability relevance.

Which documentation standard applies for sewer drone inspections?

For municipal systems: DIN EN 13508-2 (condition assessment of drain and sewer systems using CCTV inspection – coding system for visual inspection) and DWA-M 149 (condition classes 0–4, urgency levels for rehabilitation). GPS-referenced damage location, 3D cross-section profile from LiDAR, recommended actions per urgency level. For industrial systems: additional requirements from the operating permit and authority specifications.

Who is responsible for traffic safety during sewer drone inspection?

Traffic safety (Verkehrssicherung) for shaft openings in public roads is the responsibility of the sewer network operator in coordination with the road authority. We coordinate with you before the deployment regarding traffic safety requirements. For private plant roads and industrial areas: coordination with the plant operator. We adapt our on-site workflow to the existing safety measures.

Professional inspection with the ELIOS 3 — available nationwide across Germany. Request a consultation

Sewer Inspection Without Personnel Entry – Request a Quote

Describe your sewer network or wastewater structures – we check the suitability of the ELIOS 3 and prepare a quote. No entry permit required, no rescue chain, complete documentation.